Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are the backbone of business operations—handling everything from finance and procurement to supply chain and HR. But with their central role comes high-stakes risk. One overlooked configuration or poorly managed user access can open the door to costly fraud or compliance violations. That’s why effective Segregation of Duties (SoD) and user access management must be top priorities for IT and business leaders alike.
SoD: The First Line of Defense
At its core, SoD is about reducing risk by ensuring no single user has end-to-end control over critical business processes. For example, a user who can both create vendors and process payments poses a major fraud risk. In ERP environments, these kinds of conflicting duties are surprisingly common, especially when user roles aren’t reviewed regularly, or access rights accumulate over time.
Explore related questions
SoD violations aren’t just security red flags—they can also put your organization out of compliance with regulations like SOX, HIPAA, or GDPR. Implementing a sound SoD strategy is not just best practice—it’s essential.
From Static Controls to Smart Policies
The traditional approach to SoD has relied heavily on manual reviews and static access matrices. But in today’s fast-moving digital environment, that’s no longer enough. A smarter approach combines automation, policy-driven controls, and integration with identity and access management (IAM) systems.
Start by defining your organization’s critical SoD policies based on risk level, business function, and compliance needs. Then use technology to map those policies across user roles and privileges, especially in high-risk systems like ERP. Solutions that support real-time monitoring and alerts can help flag potential violations as they occur, not weeks or months later.
Tighten User Access Without Killing Productivity
One of the biggest challenges in user access management is striking the right balance between security and productivity. Employees need access to do their jobs, but over-provisioning is a real danger, and roles change and projects shift.
Privileged Access Management (PAM) can help by providing just-in-time access to sensitive systems or functions. Instead of giving broad or permanent privileges, users receive time-bound access based on specific tasks. This approach not only reduces risk but also improves auditability.
Continuous Access Reviews Are Non-Negotiable
User access is not a “set it and forget it” task. Regular, automated access reviews are essential to ensure that users only have access to what they need and nothing more. This is especially true in ERP systems, where complexity often leads to permission creep.
It is imperative that teams make access reviews part of an organization’s security rhythm, involving both IT and business stakeholders to ensure that reviews are contextually accurate and aligned with real-world workflows.
ERP systems are critical, but they’re also vulnerable. Business technology leaders must take a proactive stance on SoD and user access management to protect both operational integrity and compliance posture. By combining clear policies, the right tools, and ongoing oversight, you can reduce risk while keeping your ERP environment agile and secure.
What this means for ERP Insiders
Segregation of duties (SoD) is a business-critical control. SoD isn’t just an IT best practice—it’s a foundational safeguard against fraud, error, and regulatory non-compliance. Ensure no single user has the ability to both initiate and approve high-risk transactions within your ERP system.
Automate and enforce access policies. Move beyond static access controls by leveraging identity and privileged access management tools that enforce SoD policies in real time. Automation helps detect violations early and keeps access aligned with actual business roles and responsibilities.
Make access reviews a continuous practice. User roles and responsibilities evolve quickly, and your access controls need to keep up. Conduct regular, automated reviews of ERP access to eliminate permission creep, reduce risk, and maintain compliance readiness.
