A program can meet its go-live date and still leave the organization unable to make its next change with confidence. ERP leaders need to ask what the business retains when the program team shrinks.

ERP programs falter not from inadequate change management but from early weak structural decisions, with the need for 'Transformation Capability Management' (TCM) to ensure organizations build durable abilities rather than depend on external partners, as traditional change management alone cannot address underlying capability, capacity, and governance challenges.